Makoto Kodama, MD; Yuji Okura, MD; Satoru Hirono, MD; Haruo Hanawa, MD; Yusuke Ogawa, MD; Masahiro Itoh, MD; Tohru Izumi, MD*; Yoshifusa Aizawa, MD

Abstract
The efficacy of steroid therapy for active myocarditis is controversial, so a new scoring system was constructed based on 6 clinical parameters: (1) the mode of onset of the disease; (2) complications of immune-related systemic disorders; (3) evidence of viral infection; (4) the population of infiltrating inflammatory cells; (5) the appearance of multinucleated giant cells in endomyocardial biopsy specimens; and (6) the duration of active myocarditis. Points from -2 to +2 were assigned to each parameter and the total score was calculated from the 6 parameters. Twenty-one patients with clinically suspected myocarditis, who had been admitted to hospital from 1987, were retrospectively analyzed by this scoring system. Sixteen patients were treated without corticosteroids at presentation, and 5 patients were treated by conventional methods with adjunctive use of corticosteroids. In 10 patients of the non-steroid group myocarditis improved and their mean score was -4.8 at presentation. In 6 patients of the non-steroid group, myocarditis and cardiac symptoms persisted after initial therapy, and their score at presentation was -0.8. In 2 patients of the steroid group myocarditis improved after initial therapy and their score was +2. In 2 other patients of the steroid group, myocarditis and cardiac symptoms persisted and their score was +3. Another patient of the steroid group died from congestive heart failure and his score was -5 at presentation. In 8 of 9 patients with persistent myocarditis, the secondary phase therapy was challenged. Seven patients were treated with corticosteroids and 6 patients improved. Their score at the secondary phase was +2.5. Overall, non-steroid conventional treatment was successful in patients with the scores from -5 to -4, and steroid therapy succeeded in patients with scores from 0 to +6. Although this is a retrospective study, this scoring system is able to predict the efficacy of steroid therapy in patients with clinically suspected active myocarditis.
(Jpn Circ J 1998; 62: 715-720)

Key Words: Autoimmunity; Myocarditis; Scoring system; Steroid therapy

Mailing address: Makoto Kodama, MD, First Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Asahimachi 1-754, Niigata 951-8510, Japan