Call & Push  Simplified CPR Procedure - Chest Compressions and AED You can save lives.

なぜ心肺蘇生法の見直しが必要か?

  • A significant portion of heart disease deaths are sudden deaths occurring out of the hospital.12
  • Although survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest show a trend toward improvement, they still remain a small percent at present. 3456
  • In the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, immediate CPR by bystanders is effective. However, two thirds of those who experience a sudden cardiac arrest fail to get that help before the arrival of emergency services.3789
  • For every minute that AED use is delayed, the chances of survival decrease by about 10%. It takes on average a full three minutes for bystanders to call 119 after someone's cardiac arrest.31011
  • With more AEDs installed and more people using AEDs, survival rates can be 4 times greater. Unfortunately, not a few people hesitate to use an AED because they are afraid that they might do something wrong or make things worse.121314
  • It is said that the complexity of CPR with rescue breathing, aversion to mouth-to-mouth breathing, and the fact that CPR training takes many hours, make it difficult for people to learn or perform CPR.151617

Call & Push  Simplified CPR Procedure - Chest Compressions and AED use

When using AED, don't panic; just Call & Push.
Learn more
Push Heard

Reasons why the Japanese Circulation Society recommends Call & Push.

  • Survival of a person with cardiac arrest depends greatly on immediately asking for an AED [call] and on continuous, hard, and fast chest compressions [push].1118
  • Several large-scale clinical studies both in Japan and abroad show that compression-only CPR is as effective as or more successful than conventional CPR with rescue breathing in most cardiac arrest cases.1920212223
  • With simplified compression-only CPR, there will be increase in the number of people who go to save a life with no reluctance.232425
  • There are, of course, some cases in which rescue breathing should be performed, especially when cardiac arrest follows respiratory arrest. In the majority of cases, however, where a person collapses suddenly, Call & Push is the way that pays off.
The more people who learn the simple CPR of chest compressions plus an AED, the more lives will be saved.

The Japanese Circulation Society is aiming at improving the survival rate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by familiarizing the general public with the simplified CPR focusing on chest compressions and the use of an AED which will make it easier for the lay people to cooperate and which will bring a certain level of effect.

References

Lowel H, Dobson A, Keil U, et al. Coronary heart disease case fatality in four countries. A community study. The acute myocardial Infarction register teams of Auckland, Augsburg, Bremen, FINMONICA, Newcastle, and Perth. Circulation, 1993, 2524-2531.

野々木宏,小川久雄,住吉徹哉,他:虚血性心疾患の発生率と医療対策へのモニタリング方法の確立と国際比較に関する研究.平成13年度厚生省循環器病研究委託費による研究報告集 2001; 11公-6:143-154.

Iwami T, Nichol G, Hiraide A, et al. Continuous improvements in "Chain of Survival" increased survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A large-scale population-based study. Circulation, 2009, 728-734.

Eckstein M, Stratton SJ, Chan LS. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Evaluation in Los Angeles: CARE-LA. Ann Emerg Med, 2005, 504-509.

Lombardi G, Gallagher J, Gennis P. Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City. The Pre-Hospital Arrest Survival Evaluation (PHASE) Study. JAMA, 1994, 678-683.

Becker LB, Ostrander MP, Barrett J, et al. Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area--where are the survivors? Ann Emerg Med, 1991, 355-361.

Wenzel V, Krismer AC, Arntz HR, et al. A comparison of vasopressin and epinephrine for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med, 2004, 105-103.

Stiell IG, Wells GA, Field B, et al. Advanced cardiac life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 2004, 647-656.

Herlitz J, Ekstrom L, Wennerblom B, et al. Effect of bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation on ventricular fibrillation and survival after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital. Br Heart J, 1994, 408-412.

Cummins RO. From concept to standard-of-care? Review of the clinical experience with automated external defibrillators. Ann Emerg Med, 1989, 1269-1275.

2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 2005;112(24 Suppl):IV1-203.

Mitamura H. Public access defibrillation: advances from Japan. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med, 2008, 690-692.

Hazinski MF, Idris AH, Kerber RE, et al. Lay rescuer automated external defibrillator ("public access defibrillation") programs: lessons learned from an international multicenter trial: advisory statement from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Committee; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation, 2005, 3336-3340.

西山知佳、石見拓、川村孝:心肺蘇生講習会により受講者の救命意識の変化.日本臨床救急医学会雑誌、2008、271-277.

Heidenreich JW, Sanders AB, Higdon TA, et al. Uninterrupted chest compression CPR is easier to perform and remember than standard CPR. Resuscitation, 2004, 123-130.

Locke CJ, Berg RA, Sanders AB, et al. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Concerns about mouth-to-mouth contact. Arch Intern Med, 1995, 938-943.

Wik L, Brennan RT, Braslow A. A peer-training model for instruction of basic cardiac life support. Resuscitation. 1995, 119-128.

Yu T, Weil MH, Tang W, Adverse outcomes of interrupted precordial compression during automated defibrillation. Circulation, 2002, 368-372.

SOS-KANTO study group. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders with chest compression only (SOS-KANTO): an observational study. Lancet 2007, 920-926.

Iwami T, Kawamura T, Hiraide A, et al. Effectiveness of Bystander-Initiated Chest compression only Resuscitation for Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation, 2007, 2900-2907.

Bohm K, Rosenqvist M, Herlitz J, et al. Survival is similar after standard treatment and chest compression only in out-of-hospital bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation, 2007, 2908-2912.

Gordon A. Ewy. Continuous-chest-compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest. Circulation, 2007, 2894-2896.

Sayre MR, Berg RA, Cave DM, et al. Hands-only (compression-only) cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a call to action for bystander response to adults who experience out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest: a science advisory for the public from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee. Circulation, 2008, 2162-2167.

Hallstrom A, Cobb L, Johnson E, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by chest compression alone or with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. N Engl J Med, 2000, 1546-1553.

Nishiama C, Iwami T, Kawamura T et al. Effectiveness of simplified chest compression-only CPR training for the general public: a randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation, 2008, 90-96.